CS 408 Genome Assembly Abhiram
نویسنده
چکیده
Every organism has a genome in its cell nucleus which encodes the features of the organism. The genome is generally organized in chromosomes, and is a polymer molecule. Ignoring many details, it su ces to say that the genome is a sequence of so called nucleotides: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine (in DNA; while Uracil takes the place of Thymine in RNA). Writing down this sequence is an important problem in Biology: it is expected that it would lead to early detection of predisposition to diseases, development of new kinds of treatment of diseases, improving yield of plants, or even new forms of life. The Human genome is about 3 billion nucleotides long. We may think of it as a string over the alphabet fA;G;C; Tg, respectively representing the 4 DNA nucleotides. No direct techniques are available for reading o the sequence of nucleotides in molecules this long. Direct reading of the sequence is possible only for fragments which are around 700-1000 nucleotides long. So the following approach is used for reading long genomes:
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